Why NATAL?

August 13, 2009

NATAL: Israel Trauma Center for Victims of Terror and War is an apolitical nonprofit organization, founded by the late Dr. Yossi Hadar, M.D. who conceived and initiated the idea, and Judith Yovel Recanati who serves as a Chairperson. NATAL was established in 1998 with the aim of increasing public awareness of National Psychotrauma caused by the Israeli-Arab conflict. This form of trauma differs from other forms, as it is the result of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) stemming from national traumas.

The Social Therapeutic Club

August 9, 2009

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Target Population

 

The NATAL Social Therapeutic Club is intended for victims of National Psychotrauma and their families. Some of these individuals include victims of combat stress reaction, people injured in terrorist attacks, released POW’s, bereaved families and anyone who was directly or indirectly injured by the security situation in Israel. Membership in the club does not require recognition by any other agency (National Insurance Institute and/or Ministry of Defense).

 

Purpose of the Club

 

The club serves as meeting place which offers creative verbal and non-verbal activities, thereby providing an effective response to some of the characteristic problems suffered by trauma victims including social alienation, isolation, damaged self-image and loss of basic skills, etc. The club contributes to an improved quality of life for its members and serves as a warm supportive home.

 

The club services: indoor and outdoor activities

 

The club offers enrichment activities given by skilled professionals who invest their energy and experience in developing and implementing sophisticated approaches for running the groups. The activities are carefully selected to meet the special needs of club members. Activities are selected that require members to concentrate, work with accuracy, create something out of nothing, work as a team, improve basic skills for daily life, express themselves, use the body to develop skills of trust, observe and learn, control impulses and release stress.

 

The chosen activities encourage participants to experience empowerment, expression, interpersonal communication and physical activity. The club holds six enrichment activities three days a week: stained glass, rehabilitative karate, cooking, ceramics, drawing and music. In addition to these activities, which are held on a regular basis, there are also supplementary activities including hiking, museum visits, theater outings, holiday events and birthday celebrations.

The group activities are held in a small intimate setting, which allows group members to express their thoughts and questions regarding themselves, in order to improve the quality of their life.

A school-based, teacher-mediated prevention program (ERASE-Stress) for reducing terror- related traumatic reactions in Israeli youth: a quasi-randomized controlled trial

August 6, 2009

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24.11.08

Background: Since September 2000 Israeli children have been exposed to a large number of terrorist attacks. A universal, school-based intervention for dealing with the threat of terrorism as well as with terror-related symptoms, ERASE-Stress (ES), was evaluated in a male religious middle school in southern Israel. The program was administered by the homeroom teachers as part of the school curriculum. It consists of 12 classroom sessions each lasting 90 minutes, and included psycho-edu- cational material, skill training and resiliency strategies delivered to the students by homeroom teachers. Methods: One hundred and fourteen 7th and 8th grade students were randomly assigned to the ES intervention or were part of a waiting list (WL). They were assessed on measures of posttraumatic symptomatology, depression, somatic symptoms and functional problems before and 3 months after the intervention or the WL period. Results: Three months after the program ended, students in the experimental group showed significant reduction in all measures compared to the waiting-list control group. Conclusions: The ERASE-Stress program may help students suffering from terror-related posttraumatic symptoms and mitigate the negative effects of future traumatic experiences. Furthermore, a school-based universal program such as the ERASE-Stress may potentially serve as an important and effective component of a community mental health policy for communities affected by terrorism.

Is terror gender-blind? Gender differences in reaction to terror events

Abstract  Objective  This  study   examines   gender differences in posttraumatic  vulnerability  in the face of the terror  attacks that occurred during the Al-Aqsa Intifada. In addition,  the contribution  of level of expo sure, sense of safety, self-efficacy, and coping strategies is assessed.  Method  Participants  were 250 men  and 262 women,  who constitute  a representative  sample of Israel’s adult population.  Data were collected via a structured  questionnaire   consisting  of 51 items  that were drawn  from  several questionnaires  widely used in the study of trauma.  Results The findings indicate that  women  endorsed  posttraumatic   and  depressive symptoms  more  than  men  and  that,  generally, their odds  of  developing  posttraumatic   stress  symptoms are six times  higher than  those  of men.  Results also revealed that women’s sense of safety and self-efficacy are lower than  men’s  and  that  there  are gender  dif- ferences  in  coping  strategies  in  the  face  of  terror. Conclusions Gender differences in vulnerability to ter- ror may be attributable  to a number of factors, among these  are women’s  higher  sense  of threat  and  lower self-efficacy, as well as their tendency to use less effec- tive coping strategies than  men. Level of exposure  to terror  was ruled out as a possible explanation  for the gender differences in vulnerability.

(Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr  Epidemiol)

The mental health impact of terrorism in Israel: A repeat cross-sectional study of the mental health impact of terrorism in Israel: A repeat cross-sectional study of Arabs and Jews

Objective:   Since September 2000 Israeli society has been subjected to numerous deadly terror attacks. Few studies have studied the comparative mental health vulnerability of minorities and majorities to continuous terror attacks. Method:   Two telephone surveys (N = 512 and 501) on two distinct representative samples of the Israeli population after 19 months and after 44 months of terror. The Arab minority and Jewish majority were compared on measures of exposure to terrorism, posttraumatic stress symptomatology, feeling depressed, coping, sense of safety, future orientation, and previous traumatic experiences.

Results:   After 19 months of terrorist attacks Arab Israelis and Jewish Israelis reacted roughly similarly to the situation, however after 44 months of terror, posttraumatic symptom disorder in the Arab population increased three-fold, posttraumatic symptomatology doubled and resiliency almost disappeared.

Conclusion:   We suggest that certain conditions inherent to political conflict situations may potentially put minorities at risk and may only be observable as terrorism-related stressors become chronic.

Emotional Impact of Exposure to Terrorism Among Young-Old and Old-Old Israeli Citizens.

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

(Aug 2005, Avraham Bleich; Marc Gelkopf; Yuval Melamed; Zahava Solomon)

 

 

Was it or wasn’t it: thoughts regarding the second Lebanon war

Dr. Yigal Ben Haim
Jul 9, 2007

Actually, it was only one year ago. Yes, that cursed summer happened here, in Haifa and the North. There was a war, Katyusha rockets feel every day. Haifa became a ghost town. Refugees fled their homes and returned again. As a therapist, I continued to work “as usual” in the Surgical Department of Rambam Medical Center, but now it was filled with wounded soldiers who looked just like children, like high school students, when their worried families gathered around them. Sometimes, after a Katyusha fell the vicinity of the hospital, the windows rattled and shook violently after the boom but we, the staff members, with all be fear and pressure we felt, would continue treating and working as if on automatic pilot. We did this even though no emergency orders were given, because this is how we’ve been trained; this is the profession we have chosen; when we give to others, we feel of the vitality of life.

All of a sudden I understood the concept “work makes free “or more accurately “work organizes.” Yes, work organized me to get up in the morning and leave my fears and pressures aside. For what is simpler than to run to work, forget and work, work and forget. In the afternoon, I would collapse into my bed at home – how lucky that my wife and children had traveled, or perhaps fled, to her parents in Yugoslavia. When “rain” from Lebanon fell during my disturbed afternoon nap, I would escape to the double walled area near the shower (we don’t have protected room) and then return to the release of sleep for another half hour.

Luckily, I also work in the Rehabilitation Department of the B’nai Zion Medical Center and so I had another place to where I could “escape” every evening, to make the rounds of patients in the department. The wounded soldiers began to arrive for rehabilitation and tell about the difficult experiences, about lack of preparedness and, sometimes, about the bedlam from which they were thrown into the fire, without appropriate equipment and with vague and entirely unattainable goals. They were lucky because their injury, as serious as it was, released them from the on-going nightmare called Lebanon. Now they are here in white beds, gathering up the broken pieces and attempting, with the staff’s help, to continue onward until they are discharged and sent home.

At the end of the shift, at night, I would mount my specially-adapted bicycle on the Dado Beach Promenade (whose name recalls another distant, cursed war) and ride away. What luck that Nasrallah was, for some reason, considerate enough not to fire after nightfall. Riding was just like sleeping, only in reverse: the effort provided release for the body, adrenaline flowed and the mechanism for forgetfulness worked excellently.

In bed at night, sometimes asleep and sometimes not, I could only remember the neglected, battered tank that we received in Be’er Sheva in 1973, during the Yom Kippur War, in which we, as young soldiers, were sent into the Egyptian inferno until we were wounded and discharged. What can I do?  For 33 years, this leg has been freeing me from all sorts of unwanted difficulties. The soldier-children, through no fault of their own, remind me of forgotten times. Indeed, I have chosen unusual work for myself; as a therapist treating trauma injuries, somehow I am always brought back to myself and my experience. Perhaps this is why chose this nearly impossible but definitely fascinating journey.

Approximately a week before the end of the war, I finally decided that the crazy world here in Haifa could get along without me and I went to visit my wife and children who were already in a safe place. That evening, as I was loading the stubborn, clumsy suitcase into the jeep – our “tank” – suddenly, at approximately six o’clock, a barrage of Katyushas fell from the dark sky, not far from the house. The bastard in Lebanon changed the rules and now he was firing in darkness, too… I was scared to death. Outside, there was a power failure. The darkness of Egypt descended (again I return to Egypt). I ran to the lavatory and then onward, to the airport. Leaving Haifa, the road is blocked. A panicking driver – at just the right moment – rammed into several parked cars and I must find an alternate route. Thoughts ran through my head and troubled me. No denial, repression or logic would help. Guilt pangs overwhelmed me, “Where are you going… or fleeing… abandoning the wounded in the field…”

The news did bring word of death and injury in Wadi Nisnis (the Arab, poor but beautiful section of Haifa). My luggage was already in the jeep. The diesel engine was growling and galloping forward. When I crossed the road to Zichron Yaakov, it was possible to feel the quiet, the silence and see the lights turned on (indeed, it was strange to see, for the first time, an ordinary place that was not at war).

I already reached another place, a land in which “there are no wars…” Calming thoughts came to mind: the hospital will manage without me for a week because – how wonderful – a therapist is not a surgeon.

When I returned from visiting my family in Yugoslavia (Serbia), the cease-fire had already come into effect. The city had returned to its ordinary, Mediterranean bustling. Really good.

On television and radio, the politicians and commentators who had led us into this nightmare are explaining themselves again and again, rolling their eyes and blaming each other. It is interesting how the diagnosis of post-trauma in literature is limited to the field of stress and anxiety disorders. What about the military, diplomatic and political context? It is possible to declare war within a few hours but the private damage can be stress and disability for a generation…

In a hospital, the wounded are being discharged at a surprisingly rapid rate. Young people who are eager to get home or perhaps to travel to India or South America or the devil know where. Even Uri, from the tank corps, whose legs were amputated and with whom I developed a special connection, had already taken his guitar and gone for rehabilitation at Tel Hashomer, near Tel Aviv. Slowly, I came to understand that this crazed summer has reached its end, its over… there is no more adrenaline from the therapeutic high. That’s the way it is in life and in therapy. You say goodbye again and go home until the next war.

For me personally, the stopping and returning to routine led to a genuinely depressive, sadness. That’s it. It’s over. Reality. .. How do we go on from here?

In an wholly symbolic manner, inexplicable warning letters began arriving at my home. They were from the National Insurance Institute about some silly debt of NIS 72 (less than $20) from 2004, a debt that doubles itself with fines with every passing day… Yet the letters they send, almost daily, are amazing and even include threats for collection through the bailiff’s office!! Let them take this old television, maybe that would force us to buy a new one, maybe even a plasma. However, the reality is that I am incapable of dealing with anything businesslike and certainly not with an aggressive pest from the National Insurance Institute… Sadness, anger and a desire to forget and blot it all out overwhelms me almost until the beginning of 2007. Ironically, it was the pneumonia that I suffered following a flu attack, including nearly one month in the hospital, that finally released me to take care of myself, get organized and even write this essay. To the point: the writing began after I promised Tali at the Israel Association for Family Care that I would write something about denial and the desire to forget, after the conference for therapists who had worked in the northern region during the war was canceled, for lack of public interest.

So I was recruited to write or, more accurately, to ask what actually happened to us here during that crazed summer. What is the stubborn desire not to go into it, not to talk, not to hear, to forget, to deny and to repress? “Yuck’” it just didn’t happen, until next summer.

Here is important to make clear that I am referring to a type of personal, internal understanding and closure; not to operational-business conclusions of which the have been more than enough by the municipality, Rambam and many other places. My question is what happens to the “rescuer,” the therapist and, particularly, to the person within me who became an internal and external refugee for nearly six months?

The internal message was, “Get on with it, stop whining, turn the page, deal with it, you’re a big boy now.” It is interesting to note that more six months later, there was a work meeting with an expert in trauma therapy and it was difficult to stop many of the participants from speaking endlessly about their experiences during the hallucinatory summer we experienced. So, perhaps it is worthwhile to be stubborn about speaking up and telling personal stories, despite the difficulties. Sometimes, we even tell our patients, “Yes, it’s difficult but let us look at it together and consider what happened, but this time in a empathetic, possible and safer place.”

 

Dr. Yigal Ben Haim is a psychologist and family therapist

My Lebanon – A Story of Waking Up

Oct 12, 2007

In the winter of 1996, I served in Lebanon as a tank commander at the Aiyash Outpost. While I was there, nine of my comrades were killed. The memories of that winter follow me everywhere.

On the day I was discharged from the IDF, Amit, the tank commander to whom I left most of my military equipment, including my bed, was killed in automobile accident. Less than two months later, another officer who I knew well from company I commanded was killed.

In December 2005, the tank company to which I belong participated in an exercise against infantry troops in the Lebanese sector. Remaining in the tank for nighttime ambush and searching for infantry soldiers, brought back difficult feelings and the ghosts of Lebanon awoke after a long hibernation.

After the exercise, returning to the routine of studying philosophy at university was not easy. I found myself floating, sad, unstable and moody. I could not concentrate and lacked strength and vitality. For the last decade, girlfriends and lovers have told me more than once but it would be good for me to seek therapy but this was the first time that I said it to myself clearly. It was clear to me that that my psyche included unresolved connections to Lebanon that were neutralizing me and keeping me from functioning properly. During the most pressured academic period, I found myself completely unable to function, lacking in self confidence with women, introspective, broken and very suspicious.

After consulting with my younger sister, who had been a officer working with wounded soldiers during her IDF service, I decided to call NATAL. I spoke to Niva and described my problem as I saw it and my feelings about life, Lebanon, the army and death.

Niva asked me if I cried and I answered no. Today, I know that to cry is to allow yourself to be honest about your feelings.

Niva told me that what I had experienced during my army service was difficult, really terrible. It was strange because I had never thought of my service as a terrible experience, I didn’t think about it that way.

Then, suddenly, I decided to allow myself to admit that yes indeed, these were terrible, horrible and painful experiences to have at such a young age. Suddenly, I understood that my psyche had been wounded on that cursed mountain in Lebanon and nobody had bandaged it; it’d been lying bleeding quietly for 10 years, bleeding internally while I convinced myself that I was strong and capable.

Short and to the point: the really important part is that I understood that my Lebanon, with all of its pain, is primarily the story of an eye-opening.

War broke out in July and missiles fell on Haifa. I stopped treatment. On August 2, I was drafted under emergency orders. After I received the notification, I went to a pub, drank a beer and wrote a will. I promised myself that, if I came home alive, I would enjoy life, write a book and volunteer.

Niva, the therapist, conducted a psychological dry run with me, in preparation for entering Lebanon in a tank… Real emotional preparation.

When we crossed the border, suddenly all of the tension dissolved. I felt a amazing sense of relief. A very strong feeling of vitality. The war was appalling but in the end I came out healthy and in one piece, with a few more painful memories.

OK, I don’t want to end on an angry or pessimistic note so I will recommend that anyone who has any unresolved issues remaining from the past seek out therapy; the sooner, the better. And about crying, it is human and wonderful.

Three months ago, I met Rotem, the love of my life and after a long period of flirtations it was clear that I had come home and I would like to stay with her for ever. So we have moved in to Tel Aviv together, I rewrote one seminar paper and my thesis proposal is waiting by the keyboard.

Just an ordinary day on a kibbutz near the Gaza Strip

Yam
May 25, 2008

 

Today, on a clear, beautiful day, a Qassam fell on our little kibbutz.

The last time a Qassam fell on the kibbutz, it fell only three houses from mine but this time it fell farther away. The Qassam hit a house directly, there were no injuries, behind the synagogue.

I don’t know about you but I have a feeling that the Arabs aimed (although this is not really logical because it is hard to aim a Qassam).

The Qassam fell but didn’t explode and so the area was evacuated and the police came to help explode it.

 

Just an ordinary day on a kibbutz near the Gaza Strip.

The Story of a Mother and Teacher in Sderot

Shoshi
Jan 12, 2008

 

When my youngest son was only a few months old, I learned to take a shower in only seconds. He cried more than a little and I always heard a baby crying, even when he was sleeping in his crib. Today, no matter where I am, if I am away from the children, if they are out of sight, I hear the alarm. Always.

My name is Shoshi. I am 43 years old, married and the mother of three children. My daughters are in elementary school and my youngest son is five. I also have 37 ten year olds in the class I teach and I feel that they are mine, too,

When I am teaching and an alarm sounds, the children hurriedly crouch under their desks. I look at them. The girls are scared, some tremble or cry. Sometimes one wets her pants. The boys try to appear nonchalant but I know them and their body language well enough to know that they are just waiting for the moment they can be with Mommy and cry. I think about my children. For a moment, I want to leave everything, run to them, hug them and protect them. For one moment, I really do want to abandon my students. Is there anyone who can understand what we, the teachers, are facing? The responsibility? Who can bear this burden of responsibility? I pray for pangs of conscious about issues of home and work, but every day, week after week, I suffer pangs of conscious over life and death with three children at home and 37 in class.

Earlier this month, the alarm sounded in the afternoon, an almost silent sound that cuts you like a knife. Stomach churning, I shout to the children, to hurry into the protective room. On the way, I almost trip. For a moment, I am dizzy but I do not have time to breathe or reorient myself. I continue to call their names, come already… All of a sudden, I jump up. Where is my youngest? I ran around the house hysterically until I found him in the bathroom, curled up in the corner, his hands still wet and the water running. He heard the alarm and apparently went into shock. He put the towel over him as if it would protect him and his entire little body began to convulse. He was alone for a few minutes but, to him, it seem like eternity. He did not even manage to shout, cry or call for us…

This broke me completely. Had I gone so crazy that I forgot my son? Had I lost my maternal instinct? What kind of mother forgets her child? What kind of mother does not allow her children a family outing, a weekly candy or ice cream when living in hell, in order to take only one each time in case there is a “Color Red” alarm, because she doesn’t want to look into their eyes and decide which one to take out of the car first, before the Qassam missile picks its target.

That is why, two weeks ago, I decided that I need help. Absolutely essential. I called the municipal Welfare Department and two days later, a man and woman appeared in my living room, professionals from NATAL. I did not need to go out, calculate times or figure which of the children would be home. I sat with the female therapist and learned to breathe and relax. After 30 minutes of breathing, I could feel to my body returning to me, relaxed, placated and soft. Since then, I have practiced breathing every night before going to sleep. We talked about the difficult experience with my son. We talked about past experiences and whether I also felt abandoned. We managed to focus the issues, find the logic behind all the craziness and work on the difficulties during alarms. For a few minutes, I focused on myself, I took care of myself. I understood that nothing bad had happened to anyone in my family or to me. Worrisome thoughts made room for deep breaths, a small smile at corner of my lips and for a stronger, more optimistic perspective on life at home.

My children met with the other therapist and drew pictures. He asked them to draw pictures that expressed what they feel when a Qassam falls, their feeling when they are able to win against the missile and the fear. The youngest, my wise son, took two pieces of white paper. He colored one black and the other, yellow. “This is a Qassam,” he said, pointing to the black page. “This is light,” he said, pointing to the other page, “and the light will win over the fear and make all of the Qassams disappear.”